Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence of wheat intolerances, it is necessary to evaluate alternative ways of producing wheat products. As part of the ID-Wheat project, ingredients relevant to intolerances were first characterized and then technological measures (e.g. sourdough management) were researched that could reduce undesirable ingredients and thus improve the digestibility of wheat products.
Project description
Wheat has fallen into disrepute for consumers. Many consumers complain that they cannot tolerate wheat. Millers and bakeries are now challenged to use alternatives to wheat or to improve the tolerance of wheat products through technological measures. Besides celiac disease, which requires a strict gluten-free diet, other health complaints are also associated with the consumption of wheat products. So-called gluten or wheat sensitivity is associated with immunogenic proteins called amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs). Also certain carbohydrates, the so-called FODMAPs, fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols can increase the symptoms of wheat sensitivity, such as flatulence. In total, wheat thus contains three groups of ingredients that can trigger digestive symptoms. In this project, the aim was to reduce these antinutritional substances in baked goods through breeding and technological measures and to improve digestibility and increase digestibility.
Results
In the course of the project it could be proven that breeding did not increase the amount of ATIs in modern varieties. The quality-determining proteins, on the other hand, were increased. Furthermore, experiments on sourdough management showed that both the amount of ATIs and fructans could be significantly reduced by optimizing sourdough management. FODMAPs could even be reduced to an amount below suggested guideline values. However, since there are still no limit values for the above-mentioned ingredients and clear medical studies on their effects in humans are still lacking, marketing with health claims or special declarations is not possible at present.
Summary
The project has identified possible future measures to improve the digestibility of wheat products. It was shown that the amount of substances triggering wheat sensitivity could be significantly reduced in the course of the experiments carried out. Due to the lack of limit values and medical studies to date, it is not yet possible to make a health-related claim for the processes researched.
Project details
Project acronym: ID-Wheat
Project Management: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Dept. of Food Science and Technology (DLWT) Partners: Pfahnl Backmittel GmbH, Haubis GmbH, HTL LMT Wels, Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co KG, Ströck-Brot GmbH Project Management AGES: Dr. Elisabeth Reiter
Funding: ID-WHEAT FFG Project No.: 858540
Project duration: 06/2017 to 10/2020
Publications
Call, L., Kapeller, M., Grausgruber, H., Reiter, E.V., Schoenlechner, R., D’Amico, S. 2020. Effects of species and breeding on wheat protein composition. Journal of Cereal Science, 93, 102974, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102974
Call, L., Reiter, E.V., Wenger-Oehn, G., Strnad, I., Grausgruber, H., Schoenlechner, R., D’Amico, S., 2019. Development of an enzymatic assay for the quantitative determination of trypsin inhibitory activity in wheat. Food Chemistry, 299, 125038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125038
Fraberger, V., Call, L., Domig, K.J., D’Amico, S., 2018. Applicability of yeast fermentation to reduce fructans and other FODMAPs. Nutrients, 10, 1247, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091247
Fraberger V, Ladurner M, Nemec A, Grunwald-Gruber C, Call LM, Hochegger R, Domig KJ, D’Amico S. 2020. Insights into the Potential of Sourdough-Related Lactic Acid Bacteria to Degrade Proteins in Wheat. Microorganisms, 8, 11,1689, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111689
Fruewirth, S., Call, L., Maier, F.A., Hebenstreit, V., D’Amico, S., Pignitter, M., 2020. LCMS/MS method validation for the quantitation of 1-kestose in wheat flour. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 100, 4, 103930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103930
Grausgruber H., Lovegrove A., Shewry P., Békés F., 2020. FODMAPs in Wheat. In: Igrejas G., Ikeda T., Guzmán C. (eds) Wheat Quality For Improving Processing And Human Health. Springer, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34163-3_21
Call, L., Reiter, E.V., Grausgruber, H., Schoenlechner, R., D’Amico, S., 2018. Fruktane in alten und neuen österreichischen Weizensorten. Getreide, Mehl und Brot, 1, 2-6.
D’Amico, S., Call, L., Edlmayr, M., Marzak, S., Jaeger, H., Domig, K.J., Reiter, E.V., Grausgruber, H., 2018. Characterization of non-gluten proteins in Austrian wheat varieties from 19th century until today. Cereal Technology,1, 4-12.
Last updated: 31.08.2023
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